This course is to provide students with a deeper understanding of the invertebrate organisms, their classification, evolutionary affinities and economic importance. The course includes studying invertebrate phyla such as protozoa, porifera, cnidaria, acoelomates, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata and protochordata, and the relationship between protochordates and chordates. COURSE OBJECTIVES:1. Analyse the progressive complexity of animal taxa2. Examine biological contributions of each phylum to the advancement of the animal kingdom3. Identify basic characters used in the taxonomy of invertebrate animals4. Recognise and sketch the important features of invertebrates routinely used for diagnosis5. Relate the structure and function of the invertebrate body6. Assess the socio-economic/or ecological importance of different invertebrate groups7. Acquire basic techniques, and protocol for collecting, processing and preserving both live and dead invertebrate specimens in school laboratory.