1. What is meant by disaster? Natural disasters: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms and hurricanes, floods, slope stability and landslides, droughts, epidemics, lightning, locust swarms. Human induced disasters: oil spills, land slides, floods, soil erosion, salinisation, desertification, fires. Nuclear and chemical accidents. 2. Disaster Assessment: Designation of prone areas (tectonic place boundaries, rift valleys, mountains, river valleys and flood plains) and vulnerability analysis. 3. Environmental risk assessment and preparedness. 4. Planning of a disaster response: rescue, humanitarian assistance and reconstruction. Risk acceptance. 5. Institutional arrangements for disaster management.
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