Traction performance of wheeled and tracked vehicle. Fluid power system design and maintenance. Basic earthmoving concepts such as material volume and load factors. Environmental aspects of machinery operations. Vapour and gas power cycles; psychrometrics and humid air analysis; combustion processes. Rotary AC and DC electrical machinery operating characteristics (shunt, compound, series and separately excited machines), loads, voltage build-up and regulation, losses and efficiency. Occupational health and safety.