The course will cover genetic systems, their manipulation and control. Fertility regulating mechanisms and development of haploids. Mutation breeding and aspects of gene technology: Molecular interventions in plant breeding and genetically modified crops. Breeding populations, selection strategies and genetic gain and the importance of GXE interactions. Breeding for specific biotic and biotic stresses with reference to specific crops. The course will be concluded with a review of the many other key players that affect plant breeding and international agreements related to plant breeding. The lectures will be supplemented by practicals and seminars.