Then students will learn the factors affecting regeneration and application of tissue culture. The key topics to be covered under this course include: Laboratory organization and management practices; Tissue culture media and its preparation; Callus and cell culture; In vitro micropropagation; Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis; Somaclonal variation; Applications to plant breeding; Status of the tissue culture industry in the country; Plant growth hormones and their physiological effects; Production of virus-free plants; Plant tissue culture and genetic transformation; and Tissue culture technology transfer and seed systems. This course puts emphasis on investigation into the fundamentals of cell and tissue culture in plant systems and their applications in research and crop improvement.